Production of new methane by microorganisms – Careers Ready Careers Raedy

A recent intensive modeling study found that The largest source of methane in the atmosphere is microorganisms, not the burning of fossil fuels.

Methane emissions from fossil fuels in 1990 And declined in the mid-2000s And since then it is stable, while Microorganisms are producing more methane.
At the UN climate talks in 2021, Member countries have committed to reducing gas emissions and slowing the planet's warming. 'Global Methane Pledge' Started.

Data mismatch: This recent data is unequal across the two emissions inventorieswhich are called EDGAR and GAINS.
- EDGAR: It had reported that methane emissions had increased between 1990 and 2020 due to the exploration of oil and natural gas.
- GAINS: Year A large 'unconventional' increase in emissions was recorded since 2006.
Reason for uneven data: a possible reason Increase in Animal Husbandry in Latin America and south and Excess emissions from waste in South-East Asia, Latin America and Africa It is possible as well as, There was also an increase in the number of wetlands around the world.
Most studies that use satellites cannot measure actual (change over time) methane emissions. Satellite data is interpreted using models and Thus there is a risk of uncertainties.

a greenhouse gas: methane carbon dioxide (CO2) is the second most abundant anthropogenic greenhouse gas, but it warms the planet more.
- Over the course of more than a century, methane global warming potential CO2 is 28 times more than And even more in a short period like two decades.
Its sources: Scientists are increasingly recognizing different sources of methane, most of which fall into two categories: Biogenic and thermogenic.
- Thermogenic: When fossil fuels such as natural gas or oil are extracted from within the Earth's crust, thermogenic methane is released.
Biogenic: it Methane is produced by microbial action.
- biogenic and thermogenic Both activities produce different isotopes of methane. Tracking isotopes by carbon-13 is one way to track which sources are most active?
  - If from a certain level in a group of 1,000 methane molecules There are fewer carbon-13 atoms, so methane one Is from organic source.
  - If methane thermogenic sources is derived from, such as from trapped fossil fuels or geological activities, then in 1,000 molecules There will be more carbon-13 atoms.
- of this carbon isotope carbon-13 atoms In 13 nucleons (6 protons + 7 neutrons) Are there.
action needed: To reduce methane, first of all anthropogenic activities should be controlled.
- in anthropogenic activities Waste and landfills, rice fields, enteric fermentation, oil and gas and coal.

Methanogens: Microorganisms that produce methane are archaea (single-celled microorganisms) different from bacteria and eukaryotes and are called methanogens.
Survival Situation: They Thrive in an environment lacking oxygen, Such as the digestive systems of animals, wetlands, rice fields, landfills and sediments of lakes and oceans.
Significance: Methanogens convert organic matter into methane. Play an important role in the global carbon cycle.
- Although methane is a potent greenhouse gas, its production by methanogens An essential part of the natural ecosystem.
  - But human activities like agriculture, dairy farming and fossil fuel production have further increased methane emissions.